Jackknifing is one of the most dangerous types of big rig truck accidents. This occurs when the cab and trailer of the truck bend away from each other, forming a ‘V’ shape. Jackknife crashes often result in devastating injuries and fatalities. Understanding the common causes can help truckers remain vigilant and prevent these catastrophic events. This article will examine the leading factors behind jackknife truck accidents in detail.
Poor Cargo Load Distribution
Uneven cargo weight distribution is a prime culprit in many jackknife crashes. When the load is unbalanced, it can drastically impact the center of gravity. This makes the trailer vulnerable to swaying and fishtailing. As the trailer swerves from side to side, it can force the cab in the opposite direction. The ensuing momentum can cause the jackknife effect.
Truckers must be meticulous about cargo load distribution. The appropriate weight balance is dependent on factors like the trailer style, number of axles, and payload dimensions. Loading procedures should be carefully followed to keep the center of gravity low and even. Regular cargo inspections are also crucial. If the load has shifted in transit, it is critical to redistribute it properly when safe to do so.
Slick Road Conditions
Treacherous road conditions play a role in many truck jackknife events. Icy, snowy, or wet roads reduce the available traction between the tires and the road surface. When traction suddenly decreases, it can cause the trailer to swing out. If the driver tries to compensate by turning the cab in the other direction, this can initiate the jackknife.
There are a few ways truckers can enhance safety when driving in hazardous road conditions. It is critical to slow down and increase the following distance to allow more time for braking. Chains or snow tires may help increase traction in snow or ice. Taking extra care when changing lanes or navigating curves can also improve stability. If conditions are too hazardous, it may be safest to pull over until they improve.
Sudden Braking
Slamming on the brakes is one of the most common triggering factors in jackknife crashes. When braking force is applied rapidly, the cab slows down faster than the trailer. This causes the trailer to push forward, swinging the cab around.
Truckers should drive defensively and avoid situations that require sudden braking when possible. It is important to scan ahead on the road to identify risks early on. Maintaining a safe following distance gives you time to brake gradually. Regulating speed according to conditions is also key. In slippery conditions, lower speeds allow truckers to brake more gently to avert jackknifing.
Driver Fatigue
Drowsy driving is a widespread problem in the trucking industry. Fatigued drivers have slower reaction times. This makes it more difficult to respond appropriately to hazards and increases jackknife risk. One study found that 25% of truck drivers reported falling asleep at the wheel in the past 12 months.
To help combat tired driving, truckers should adhere to Hours of Service regulations and get adequate rest between shifts. Taking scheduled breaks to get out and move around is also beneficial. Know the signs of fatigue, such as wandering thoughts or heavy eyes. At the first signs of drowsiness, find a safe place to pull over and rest. Avoiding driving in the overnight hours when the body craves sleep can also minimize fatigue-related risks.
High Speeds in Curves
Entering curves at high speeds is an enormous hazard, as it can lead to rollover or jackknife. The lateral g-forces exerted on the truck push the trailer outward. This places extensive force on the tractor that can cause it to jackknife.
Truckers should always obey posted speed limits and adjust their speed below the limit when approaching curves. Braking before entering the curve can help control speed. Avoiding abrupt steering inputs is also important. Go into and out of the curve in a straight line as much as possible. The load type also impacts safe driving in curves, so this should be considered.
Improper Load Securement
Inadequately secured cargo can be a jackknife risk if the load shifts in transit. The cargo should be tightly packed together with no room for movement. Using sufficient tie-downs, straps, shoring bars, etc., to lock down the load is essential. Drivers are legally required to ensure cargo is properly contained before transport under Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration rules.
If drivers hear banging or feel the trailer swaying, this could signal a load shift. Pull over as soon as safely possible to check for proper load securement. Loose tie downs should be tightened and additional restraints added if needed before continuing. Unsecured cargo that moves on its own has the potential to cause the trailer to careen and jackknife.
Distracted Driving
Driver distraction is a widespread and avoidable contributor to accidents of all types. Texting, eating, interacting with passengers, or messing with the radio or other devices takes focus away from the road. This delayed reaction time gives drivers less ability to prevent a trailer from whipping out of control.
Truckers should minimize distractions to the greatest extent possible. Pull over to use electronic devices or eat. Interact with passengers during planned breaks rather than on the move. Ensure the vehicle is set up ergonomically so controls are within easy reach. Follow the carrier’s policies on permitted technologies. Remain focused on driving with both hands on the wheel.
Steep Downgrades
Long, steep downgrades are infamous for being a jackknife danger zone. As gravity pulls the fully loaded truck downward, acceleration occurs which pushes the trailer forward. This lurching motion can swing the trailer out until it overtakes the tractor. There is also a risk of overheating brakes due to prolonged use on declines.
Utilizing proper braking techniques is vital when traveling steep downgrades. Gear down before the slope to use the engine for braking assist. Avoid riding the brakes, but brake intermittently to control speed. Leave ample room between other vehicles in case you need to brake suddenly. Know your route and watch for signs indicating the percent of grade to be prepared.
Mechanical Issues
Defective equipment can also be the root cause in truck jackknife crashes in some cases. Problems like bald tires, faulty brakes, broken hitches, or damaged fifth wheel pins diminish control. Routine inspection and prompt repair of any mechanical issues can help avert accidents. Be sure to conduct thorough pre-trip and post-trip inspections and report concerns immediately.
Staying Vigilant for Safety
While jackknifes are complex events, they are not random accidents. By understanding the common causal factors, truckers can take targeted action to avoid them. Exercising caution related to cargo, driving conditions, speed, distractions, and vehicle maintenance is key. But staying alert and being ready to respond appropriately in the moment is also crucial. As the saying goes “you can’t prevent what you don’t see coming.” Remaining focused and in control behind the wheel is every trucker’s first line of defense against the dangers of jackknifing.
If You’ve Been in a Jackknife Crash
The jackknife accidents described above often result in devastating trauma for passengers of the involved vehicles. If you or a loved one have been harmed in one of these catastrophic events, you have legal options for seeking compensation. The experienced attorneys at M Smith Law provide free case evaluations to injury victims in Boston. Contact us today to explore your rights for justice after a crash.
Visit our office at 15 Broad St #800 Boston, MA 02109.
Or call now for a free consultation on (617) 263-0860.